Conjunction and Interjection

Conjunction

Conjunction is a word that joins words, phrases and clauses.
Rina and Bina are good girls. Here ‘and’ joins the two Nouns ‘Rina’ and ‘Bina’to make the total Subject. So ‘and’ is a Conjunction.
Rahim or his father did the work. Here ‘or’ joins ‘Rahim’ and ;his father’ to make an  alternative Subject. So, ‘or’ is a Conjunction.

He studied hard but he failed in the examination. Here, but joins two clauses ‘He studied hard’ and ‘he failed in the examination’ to show an opposite consequence. So, ‘but’ is a Conjunction.

He saw that Rahim was going to school. Here, ‘that’ joins a subordinate clause ‘Rahim was going to school’ to the main clause ‘He saw’. So, ‘that’ is a Conjunction.In the sentence ‘Rahim together with his father is going to Dhaka. Here, it may be seemed that ‘together with’ might be a Conjunction too, but here, the Phrase ‘together with’ which is not a Conjunction.

Here ‘his father’ is not a part of the Subject but an Object of the Preposition ‘with’. A Prepositional Object never can be a Subject. In this Sentence ‘Rahim’ is only the Subject and the verb ‘is’ is used in singular form. The Preposition ‘with’ has just related its Object ‘his father’ to the Noun ‘Rahim’. So, ‘together with’ is not a Conjunction. If ‘his father’ might be a part of the Subject, the Verb would be used in plural form ‘are’.

If a word joins two words or two clauses is called a Conjunction.

A Preposition and a Conjunction are not the same.A Conjunction joins two words or two Phrases.  On the other hand, a Preposition relates a Noun or a Pronoun or a Noun Phrase (NP), which is neither a Subject nor an Object of any Verb, to a Sentence. Preposition relates no other Parts of Speech except Noun or Pronoun or NP. A Preposition only establishes a relationship of the NP with any other word of the Sentence.

 Normally, a Conjunction joins the words of same ranks. It joins two or more Nouns or Pronouns, two or more Verbs, or two or more Adjectives, etc. And when a Conjunction joins two or more of the same ranks, it is called a Coordinating Conjunction, such as: and, but,  or,  etc. But when a Conjunction joins a Subordinate Clause to a Principal Clause (or a Main Clause), it is called a Subordinating Conjunction.

From that view, in ‘Rahim and Karim went there’, ‘and’ is a Coordinating Conjunction. But in the complex Sentence, ‘I know that he will come’, ‘that’ is a Subordinating Conjunction.So, there are two kinds of Conjunction i.e.  (1) Coordinating Conjunction  and (2) Subordinating Conjunction. Subordinating Conjunctions are used only in Complex Sentences to join the Subordinate Clause to the Main Clause.

Interjection

Interjection is a word that expresses an emotion.

Emotion is nothing but a state of mind i.e. a sudden change of mind. Whenever something happens to us unexpectedly for which we are not prepared, our mind gets a strike or thrust and the mind experiences a sudden change to generate emotion. When we express that emotion in a word, the word is called an Interjection.

So as Interjection is an emotion-expressing word.  An Interjection has no relation with any other word in the Sentence but it prevails an emotion over the Sentence. 
Interjections remain detached from the Sentence taking also a punctuation mark (sign of exclamation) and the Sentence again begins with a Capital letter. Such as: Alas! He is dead. Or, Hurrah! We have won the match.

      8 kinds of functions performed  by the word in Sentences have already been discussed. So I hope learning Parts of Speech well any one might be able to form a correct Sentence. Whenever you use a word in a Sentence, you must consider its function in the Sentence and according to its function you must change the word into its right form.

Suppose the word ‘beauty’. It is used in a Sentence as a Noun. She is a beauty.But ‘beautiful’ is used as an Adjective. She is a beautiful girl. ‘Beautifully’ is used as an Adverb. She decorated the room beautifully. ‘Beautify’ is used as a Verb. The plants beautify the house.

Here, it is clear that we can use the same word in different ways just changing its form by using Suffix and Prefix. So, to change a word from one Part of Speech to another one, you need to know well about Suffix and Prefix. 

Beauty + ful =  beautiful. ‘ful’ is a Suffix here.

Generally a Verb is changed into a Noun by adding a suffix ‘er’ to it. Such as:
play + er = player, He plays well and so he is a good player.
sing + er = singer, She sings sweetly and she is a famous singer.
teach + er = teacher, etc. She teaches English but she is not a good teacher.

Again, en + courage = encourage. ‘Courage’ is used as a Noun but we add ‘en’
before it to change it into a Verb. I have no courage but he encouraged me to do it.

When the letters are added before the main word to change it, the letters as a whole are called a Prefix. On the other hand, when they are added after the main word, they are called a Suffix. In the above examples, ‘ful’ and ‘er’ are Suffix but ‘en’ is a Prefix.

You can have a good and clear concept of Suffix and Prefix by reading any reliable Grammar book and you should learn the rules of usage of different Suffixes and Prefixes. 

Sometimes, without adding any Suffix or Prefix a word, remaining unchanged, may also be used as different Parts of Speech. In that case the word has to change its position in the Sentence. Such as:

I drink Water. (Noun) I water the plant. (Verb) I like water color. (Adjective)

Sometimes, some words remaining unchanged (in the same form) give different meaning playing the roles of different Parts of Speech in different Sentences. Such as:

Well (adj.) opposite to ill. – He is well today. (not ill). Well (n.) as in ‘tube-well’. The water of this well is not drinkable. Well (Adv.) as an Adverb form of ‘good’ where good is an Adjective. He played well today.

So now you have to practice much to form Sentences using the words in right forms considering their respective functions as well as Parts of Speech.

Previous Page                                                    Next Page